In what way does the task environment differ from the general environment quizlet? | Stewart Kelsie Connie

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A force in the global environment:
The wide-ranging global, economic, technological, sociocultural, demographic, political, and legal forces that affect an organization and its task environment.
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- Fig. 4.1

Economic, technological, sociocultural, demographic, political, and legal forces in the general environment often have important effects on forces in the task environment that determine an organization's ability to obtain resources effects that managers may not be aware of.

For the individual manager, opportunities and threats resulting from changes in the general environment are often more difficult to identify and respond to than are events in the task environment.

Outcomesof changes in lawsand regulations, such as deregulation of industries, privatization of organizations, and increased emphasis
on environmental protection.
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Under the general environment - Fig. 4.1

Political processes shape a nation's laws and the inter-
national laws that govern the relationships between nations. Laws constrain the
operations of organizations and managers and thus create both opportunities and threats.

Political unions:
Another important political and legal force affecting managers and organizations is the political integration of countries that has been taking place during the last decades. Increasingly, nations are forming political unions that allow free exchange of resources and capital. The growth of the European Union (EU) is one example: Common laws govern trade and commerce between EU member countries, and the European Court has the right to examine the business of any global organization and to approve any proposed mergers between overseas companies that operate inside the EU.

Deregulation, privatization, and the removal of legal barriers to trade are just a few of the many ways in which changing political and legal forces can challenge organizations and managers. Others include increased emphasis on environmental protection and the preservation of endangered species, increased emphasis on workplace safety, and legal constraints against discrimination on the basis of race, gender, or age. Managers face major challenges when they seek to take advantage of the opportunities created by changing political, legal, and economic forces.

The four principal forms of capital that flow between countries are these:
- Human capital: the flow of people around the world through immigration, migration, and emigration.
- Financial capital: the flow of money capital across world markets through overseas investment, credit, lending, and aid.
- Resource capital: the flow of natural resources, parts, and components between companies and countries, such as metals, minerals, lumber, energy, food products, microprocessors, and auto parts.
- Political capital: the flow of power and influence around the world using diplomacy, persuasion, aggression, and force of arms to protect the right or access of a country, world region, or political bloc to the other forms of capital.
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Under the changing global environment - Fig. 4.1

Most of the economic advances associated with globalization are the result of these four capital flows and the interactions between them, as nations compete on the world stage to protect and increase their standards of living and to further the political goals and social causes that are espoused by their societies' cultures.

The idea that if each country specializes in the production of the goods and services that it can produce most efficiently, this will make the best use of global resources.
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Under the changing global environment - Fig. 4.1

This doctrine is responsible for the increase in global outsourcing (and the loss of millions of U.S. jobs in textiles and manufacturing as capital has been invested in factories in Asian countries such as China and Malaysia. However, millions of U.S. jobs have also been created because of new capital investments in the high-tech, IT, and service sectors, which make the best use of global capital resources and will result in lower prices.
in theory should offset manufacturing job losses in the long run.)

GATT = General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade:
International treaty, where countries that accepted this free-trade doctrine set as their goal the removal of barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and capital between countries.
However, the GATT is dissolved and is replaced by the World Trade Organization (WTO), which continues the struggle to reduce tariffs and has more power to sanction countries that break global agreements.

Final note:
The tariffs barriers among the governments of developed countries declined from over 40% in 1948 to about 3% today, causing a dramatic increase in world trade.

Ideas about what a society believes to be good, right, desirable, or beautiful.
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One of the basic building blocks of national culture (Values & Norms)

They provide the basic underpinnings for notions of individual freedom, democracy, truth, justice, honesty, loyalty, social obligation, collective responsibility, the appropriate roles for men and women, love, sex, marriage, and so on.

Values are not static; they change over time, but change is often the result of a slow and painful process.

How general environment and task environment differ from each other?

What is a task environment?

What is the task environment quizlet?

What does the general environment include?